1. Imitation game is a concrete (and good)
test for intelligence
2. (Digital) machines can pass that test

“Software’s opacity, in fact, makes it prone to being translated into a plurality of narratives that help people make sense of its functioning and presence.” (Natale, 2019)

“[...] software artefacts become contested objects whose meanings and interpretations are the subject of complex negotiations within the public sphere.” (Natale, 2019)

Biographies of Media

“Weizenbaum wasn’t aiming to make a computer ‘understand’ language. [...] His deep interest, on the contrary, on how the programme would be interpreted and ‘read’ by users suggests that he aimed at the creation of an artefact that would produce a specific narrative about computers, AI, and the interaction between humans and machines.” (Natale, 2019)

“ELIZA, in this regard, was an artefact created to prove his point that AI is due to users’ tendency to project identity – it was, therefore, a narrative about conversational programmes as much as a conversational programme itself.” (Natale, 2019)

“Language itself becomes merely a tool for manipulating the world, no different in principle from the languages used for manipulating computers.” (Weizenbaum, 1982)